What is MSA?

MSA (Measurement System Analysis) evaluates the suitability of a measurement system for quality decisions. In the industrial environment, it is used to manage quality risks systematically and make decisions traceable.

Scientific background

The methodological foundation is based on statistical and process-oriented concepts. Central elements are bias, linearity, stability and repeatability/reproducibility. CT data can supplement these systems with internal component information and thereby increase evidence quality.

Relevant key metrics

Effectiveness of the method against defined KPIs and target values.
Reaction time between deviation detection and stable correction.
Sustainability of measures across multiple production cycles.

Standards and thresholds

Standards: AIAG MSA (MSA-4, Version 4, published Jun 2010) as well as VDA Volume 5 (3rd revised edition, 07/2021).
Typical thresholds (in practice): %GRR under 10 % (good), 10–30 % (conditional), above 30 % (insufficient); ndc at least 5 as minimum target.
Validity: Method choice and threshold depend on characteristic type, tolerance and risk.

Application in industrial practice

Risk reduction during development and series ramp-up.
Standardised decision processes across functions and sites.
Linking quality-related evidence to customer requirements.

Sources and reference date

AIAG MSA, product code MSA-4, Version 4 (published Jun 2010).
VDA Volume 5 “Measurement and inspection processes”, 3rd revised edition (07/2021).
Reference date: February 2026.