What is an X-ray Detector?

An X-ray detector is the image sensor that converts transmitted X-ray radiation into digital signals. Its hardware characteristics determine what information quality is later available in the volume dataset.

Scientific background

Technically relevant are the scintillator, pixel matrix, DQE and MTF. Throughout the complete measurement chain these factors influence signal quality, artifact susceptibility and metrological stability.

Relevant key metrics

Stability of signal formation across time and load states.
Contribution to effective resolution and contrast level.
Robustness against drift, defective pixels and thermal influences.

Standards and thresholds

Standards: ISO 17636-2:2022 (corr. 2023-02) as well as ISO 15708-2:2025 (equipment/samples/principles).
Typical thresholds (in practice): Defective pixels are compensated by a correction map; remaining uncompensated pixels in the ROI typically near 0 %.
Validity: Detector limits are defined by the manufacturer datasheet, calibration and inspection-task acceptance.

Application in industrial practice

Adaptation of the measurement chain to dense or multi-material parts.
Reliable defect detection on small structures.
Reproducible series inspection with consistent quality metrics.

Sources and reference date

ISO 17636-2:2022 (corr. 2023-02).
ISO 15708-2:2025.
Reference date: February 2026.